Inflammation
- Arx expansion mutation perturbs cortical development by augmenting apoptosis without activating innate immunity in a mouse model of X-linked infantile spasms syndrome
Editor's choice: We found non-cell-autonomous apoptosis and fewer Arx+ interneurons in neonatal neocortex of an X-linked infantile spasms syndrome Arx expansion model. Early estradiol therapy rescued Arx+ interneuron density, but did not prevent apoptosis.
- Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress
Summary: This Review discusses biomarkers in blood and urine linked to myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, to enhance development of therapies for DMD, and the challenges to be overcome for clinical translation.
- Notch4 activation aggravates NF-κB-mediated inflammation in HIV-1-associated nephropathy
Summary: Notch4 activation contributes to the inflammation seen in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and inhibition of Notch4 ameliorates inflammation and prolongs life in a mouse model of HIVAN.
- Tenophages: a novel macrophage-like tendon cell population expressing CX3CL1 and CX3CR1
Summary: Here, we demonstrate the presence of a macrophage-like, CX3CL1/CX3CR1-expressing tendon cell population within the healthy tendon proper, which potentially fulfills a surveillance function.
- Glucocorticoids inhibit macrophage differentiation towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon wounding without affecting their migration
Summary: In a zebrafish model for inflammation, glucocorticoids do not affect the migration of macrophages, but inhibit their differentiation towards an M1 phenotype, by strongly attenuating transcriptional responses in these cells.
- Modelling pancreatic β-cell inflammation in zebrafish identifies the natural product wedelolactone for human islet protection
Summary: A model of islet inflammation in zebrafish exhibits functional β-cell silencing and a lack of glucose responsiveness. A natural compound that rescues the glucose defect in zebrafish can protect human islets from inflammation.
- Targeting ulcerative colitis by suppressing glucose uptake with ritonavir
Summary: Insights into immuno-metabolism open up new avenues for therapeutic intervention. The study presented here suggests that inhibition of glucose suppresses inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.
- Pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli colonization and host inflammatory response in a defined microbiota mouse model
Summary: Mice harboring a defined microbiota of the altered Schaedler flora were identified as a reliable tool to assess prolonged Escherichia coli intestinal colonization and activation of the host inflammatory response.
- Cooperation of loss of NKX3.1 and inflammation in prostate cancer initiation
Summary: Chronic inflammation collaborates with loss of function of the prostate-specific tumor-suppressor NKX3.1 to promote prostate cancer initiation, increase cellular plasticity and impair cellular differentiation.