Apoptosis
- Perturbed development of cranial neural crest cells in association with reduced sonic hedgehog signaling underlies the pathogenesis of retinoic-acid-induced cleft palate
Editor's choice: The RA-Shh signaling pathway is revealed to be critical during cranial neural crest development, which impacts secondary palate development.
- Disruption of asxl1 results in myeloproliferative neoplasms in zebrafish
Summary: Homozygous loss of asxl1 in zebrafish leads to apoptosis of newly formed HSCs by upregulation of bim and bid. Half of the asxl1+/− zebrafish had MPNs by 5 months of age.
- Spliceosomal components protect embryonic neurons from R-loop-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis
Summary: Loss of RNA splicing factors causes R-loop accumulation and DNA damage in embryonic neurons, sensitizing them to radiation-induced cell death. These findings suggest that diseased cells with mutations in splicing factors are vulnerable to radiotherapy.
- Activation of the Nkx2.5–Calr–p53 signaling pathway by hyperglycemia induces cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in adult zebrafish
Summary: Induction of hyperglycemia gives rise to cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction in adult zebrafish via the Nkx2.5–Calr–p53 signaling pathway, resulting in adult cardiomyopathy.
- Bar-coding neurodegeneration: identifying subcellular effects of human neurodegenerative disease proteins using Drosophila leg neurons
Summary: Toxic effects of neurodegenerative disease proteins on neuronal function and morphology can be addressed using an array of transgenic fluorescent reporters in the adult Drosophila leg.
- (CCUG)n RNA toxicity in a Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) activates apoptosis
Summary: A Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) recapitulates several features of the human disease, identifies apoptosis as a contributing factor to DM2, and is likely to provide a convenient tool for drug screening.
- Progesterone induces neuroprotection following reperfusion-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction after focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Summary: Progesterone treatment is beneficial in preserving the altered mitochondrial functions in cerebral ischemic injury and thus can help in defining better therapies.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha acts as a mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure
Summary: Upregulation of PPARα can ameliorate hepatic injury by inhibiting ER stress-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in a mouse model of D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure.
- Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of diabetic male mice in the insulin receptor substrate-2 knockout model
Summary: Only IRS2-deficient male mice that become diabetic show apoptosis in the hypothalamus and this is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory signals. Controlling inflammation and oxidative stress could prevent diabetes-induced brain injury.