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- Fig. 1.
Generation of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Mice were administered with STZ and blood glucose levels (A) and body weight gains (B) were measured dynamically for 8 weeks post-STZ treatment. Food and water intakes were measured on day 38 (C,D). Asterisks (*) denote statistical differences (P<0.05) between the STZ-treated (n=8) and control (n=10) groups.
- Fig. 2.
Behavioral test parameters of diabetic mice. Diabetic (n=8) and control (n=10) mice were subjected to a 5-minute OFT. Parameters on the total distance traveled (A), central distance traveled (B), ratio of distance traveled in the center over that in the periphery (C), ratio of time spent in the center over that in the periphery (D) and number of rearings (E) were analyzed. Mice were also subjected to a 5-minute TST and FST, and the immobility time was assessed (F). *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
- Fig. 3.
TUNEL-positive cells in the brain of comorbid mice. The brain sections were TUNEL stained and counterstained with DAPI. Representative photomicrographs from the frontal cortex (A) and hippocampal CA2 area (B) of TUNEL staining, DAPI staining, and merged TUNEL and DAPI staining are shown. Apoptotic cells are indicated by red arrowheads. Quantification (C) was performed on eight sections/frontal cortex or hippocampus (n=6 mice/group). Magnification at 40× objective field. **P<0.01.
- Fig. 4.
Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein levels in the brain of comorbid mice. Tissue homogenates of the frontal cortex (A) and hippocampus (B) from comorbid and control mice (n=8/group) were analyzed for caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein levels by western blots. Representative blots are shown with β-actin as internal controls. Quantification was normalized against β-actin. **P<0.01.
- Fig. 5.
Serum BDNF levels of comorbid mice. The terminal blood was collected from comorbid (n=8) and control (n=10) mice and analyzed for BDNF levels by ELISA. *P<0.05.
- Fig. 6.
Expression of genes and proteins mediating mitochondrial dynamics in the brain of comorbid mice. mRNAs levels of mitochondrial fusion genes Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1 and fission genes Fis1 and Drp1 from comorbid and control mice (n=8/group) were evaluated by qPCR using β-actin as internal controls (A,B). Protein levels of Mfn2 and Drp1 were analyzed by western blots (C). Representative blots are shown with β-actin as internal controls. Quantification was normalized against β-actin. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
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