Subject collection: Metabolic Disorders
- Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of diabetic male mice in the insulin receptor substrate-2 knockout model
Summary: Only IRS2-deficient male mice that become diabetic show apoptosis in the hypothalamus and this is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory signals. Controlling inflammation and oxidative stress could prevent diabetes-induced brain injury.
- Using Drosophila to discover mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes
Drosophila Collection: Studies in Drosophila hold the potential to transform our understanding of the genetics of diabetes. We review important findings and provide a framework for diabetes gene discovery in the fly.
- 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors as hypothalamic targets of developmental programming in male rats
Summary: Maternal protein restriction increases fetal brain 5-HT and might contribute to changes in production and function of hypothalamic 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors in the offspring later in life.
- A new gestational diabetes mellitus model: hyperglycemia-induced eye malformation via inhibition of Pax6 in the chick embryo
Summary: Hyperglycemia inhibited Pax6 via oxidative stress and impaired eye development in the chick embryo, a new gestational diabetes mellitus model.
- The cannabinoid CB1 receptor and mTORC1 signalling pathways interact to modulate glucose homeostasis in mice
Summary: Evidence supporting a functional interaction between the endocannabinoid system and the mTORC1 pathway within the endocrine pancreas, which could have implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches for diabetes.
- Human umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells exert trophic effects on β-cell survival in diabetic rats and isolated islets
Summary: The newly identified paracrine role of umbilical cord stem cells highlights their therapeutic utilities to treat not only the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes but also type 2 diabetes.
- Albumin stimulates renal tubular inflammation through an HSP70-TLR4 axis in mice with early diabetic nephropathy
Summary: Activation of the HSP70-TLR4 axis by albumin in the tubular cell induces tubular inflammation and injury.
- A mitochondrial therapeutic reverses visual decline in mouse models of diabetes
Summary: Visual decline in mouse models of diabetes is reversed, independently of treating other disease symptoms, by treatment with MTP-131, a water-soluble peptide that selectively targets cardiolipin and improves mitochondrial bioenergetics.
- Chronic administration of recombinant IL-6 upregulates lipogenic enzyme expression and aggravates high-fat-diet-induced steatosis in IL-6-deficient mice
Summary: The administration of rIL-6 might contribute to the aggravation of fatty liver disease through increasing lipogenesis in HFD-induced obesity.
- The lysyl oxidase inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile reduces body weight gain and improves the metabolic profile in diet-induced obesity in rats
Highlighted Article: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) could play a role in the metabolic dysfunction induced by obesity, and consequently the inhibition of LOX activity could be a valuable strategy to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic disturbances.