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Resource Article
High and ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging of naïve, injured, and scarred vocal fold mucosae in rats
Ayami Ohno Kishimoto, Yo Kishimoto, David L. Young, Jinjin Zhang, Ian J. Rowland, Nathan V. Welham
Disease Models & Mechanisms 2016 : dmm.026526 doi: 10.1242/dmm.026526 Published 16 September 2016
Ayami Ohno Kishimoto
Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Yo Kishimoto
Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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David L. Young
Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Jinjin Zhang
Department of Radiology and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ian J. Rowland
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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  • For correspondence: irowland@wisc.eduwelham@surgery.wisc.edu
Nathan V. Welham
Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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  • For correspondence: irowland@wisc.eduwelham@surgery.wisc.edu
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Abstract

Subepithelial changes to the vocal fold mucosa, such as fibrosis, are difficult to identify using visual assessment of the tissue surface. Moreover, without suspicion of neoplasm, mucosal biopsy is not a viable clinical option, as it carries its own risk of iatrogenic injury and scar formation. Given these challenges, we assessed the ability of high- (4.7 T) and ultrahigh-field (9.4 T) magnetic resonance imaging to resolve key vocal fold subepithelial tissue structures in the rat, an important and widely used preclinical model in vocal fold biology. We conducted serial in vivo and ex vivo imaging, evaluated an array of acquisition sequences and contrast agents, and successfully resolved key anatomic features of naïve, acutely injured, and chronically scarred vocal fold mucosae on the ex vivo scans. Naïve lamina propria was hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging with gadobenate dimeglumine contrast enhancement, whereas chronic scar was characterized by reduced lamina propria T1 signal intensity and mucosal volume. Acutely injured mucosa was hypointense on T2-weighted imaging: lesion volume steadily increased, peaked at 5 days postinjury, and then decreased – consistent with the physiology of acute/subacute hemorrhage and associated changes in the magnetic state of hemoglobin and its degradation products. Intravenous administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide conferred no T2 contrast enhancement during the acute injury period. These findings confirm that magnetic resonance imaging can resolve anatomic substructures within naïve vocal fold mucosa, qualitative and quantitative features of acute injury, and the presence of chronic scar.

  • Received June 14, 2016.
  • Accepted September 10, 2016.
  • © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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High and ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging of naïve, injured, and scarred vocal fold mucosae in rats
Ayami Ohno Kishimoto, Yo Kishimoto, David L. Young, Jinjin Zhang, Ian J. Rowland, Nathan V. Welham
Disease Models & Mechanisms 2016 : dmm.026526 doi: 10.1242/dmm.026526 Published 16 September 2016
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High and ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging of naïve, injured, and scarred vocal fold mucosae in rats
Ayami Ohno Kishimoto, Yo Kishimoto, David L. Young, Jinjin Zhang, Ian J. Rowland, Nathan V. Welham
Disease Models & Mechanisms 2016 : dmm.026526 doi: 10.1242/dmm.026526 Published 16 September 2016

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